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Graphing Linear Functions & Inequalities

Linear functions are the backbone of Algebra 2, and graphing them from y=mx+by = mx + b is quick once you trust the slope and intercept. Checking whether a point lies on a line is even faster — just substitute.

Inequalities add one step: graph the boundary line, then shade the half-plane of points that make the inequality true. This lesson keeps both moves tight.

Graphing from slope-intercept form

In y=mx+by = mx + b, plot the yy-intercept bb first, then use the slope mm as rise over run to step to a second point. Connect them.

To test whether a point is on the line, substitute its coordinates. If the equation holds true, the point lies on the graph.

Shading an inequality

Graph the boundary as if it were an equation. A strict inequality (<< or >>) uses a dashed line; \leq or \geq uses a solid line.

Then pick a test point not on the line — often (0,0)(0,0) — and shade the side that makes the inequality true.

The graph below shows yx1y \geq x - 1: a solid boundary (the line is included) with the entire region above it shaded, since those points make the inequality true.

-4-3-2-11234-4-3-2-11234xy

Worked examples

Example 1: is a point on the line

Which point lies on f(x)=2x+7f(x) = -2x + 7: (1,5)(1, 5) or (1,4)(1, 4)?

Substitute x = 1f(1)=2(1)+7f(1) = -2(1) + 7
Simplify55
So the y-value must be 5(1,5)(1, 5)

Answer: (1,5)(1, 5)

Example 2: choosing the boundary style

Should y>2x+1y > 2x + 1 use a solid or dashed boundary line?

The inequality is strict>>
Strict means the line is not includeddashed\text{dashed}

Answer: Dashed

Example 3: choosing which side to shade

Which side of the boundary line do you shade for y>2x+1y > 2x + 1?

Pick a test point not on the line(0,0)(0, 0)
Substitute it into the inequality0>2(0)+10 > 2(0) + 1
The statement is false, so that side is wrong0>1 is false0 > 1 \text{ is false}
Shade the other sideabove the line\text{above the line}

Answer: The side above the line

Try one yourself

Common questions

How do I check if a point is on a line?

Substitute the point's x into the equation. If the result equals the point's y, it is on the line; otherwise it is not.

When is the boundary line solid versus dashed?

Solid for \leq or \geq (the line is included), dashed for << or >> (the line is excluded).

How do I know which side to shade?

Test a point not on the line, like (0,0)(0,0). If it satisfies the inequality, shade its side; if not, shade the other.

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